2026-10-21 · arXiv Quantum Physics
arXiv:2509.21469v3 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: The problem of computing distances of error-correcting codes is fundamental in both the classical and quantum settings. While hardness for the classical version of these problems has been known for some time (in both the exact and approximate settings), it was only recently that Kapshikar and Kundu showed the hardness of these problems for non-degenerate quantum codes. As our first main result, we get a direct reduction to CSS codes, the most commonly used type of quantum code, from the minimum distance problem for classical linear codes. In particular, our proof uses arguably simpler constructions based on hypergraph product codes.
Our second set of results considers the distance of a graph state, which is a key parameter for quantum codes obtained via the codeword stabilized formalism. We show that it is NP-hard to compute/approximate the distance of a graph state, which is a degenerate quantum code, when the adjacency matrix of the graph is the input. This establishes hardness for even degenerate quantum codes, which was not known before. Furthermore, we show this is true even if we only consider X-type errors of a graph state. Our techniques, moreover, imply an interesting classical consequence: the hardness of computing or approximating the distance of classical codes with rate equal to 1/2.
One of the main motivations of the present work is a question raised by Kapshikar and Kundu concerning the NP-hardness of approximation when there is an additive error proportional to a quantum code's length. We show that no such hardness can hold for hypergraph product codes. These observations suggest the possibility of a new kind of square root barrier.
原文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21469
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