2026-10-28 · arXiv Quantum Physics
arXiv:2610.36704v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The performance of a quantum battery depends not only on its ability to retain stored energy against unwanted discharge but also on the amount of useful work that can be extracted from it. Here, we investigate these complementary aspects in an ensemble of V-type qutrits coupled to a lossy cavity. By applying a finite splitting pulse to the two excited states of each qutrit, cavity-bright excitations are converted into atomic dark states, whose populations remain protected upon restoring degeneracy, even while the light-matter coupling remains active. Simulations with finite-duration pulses reveal a capture window governed by the competition among energy transfer, bright-to-dark conversion, and photon leakage. We further show that if the energy is stored in the fully symmetric atomic subspace, the passive energy is bounded by twice the transition energy for number of atoms $N\geq2$. Consequently, if the stored energy scales extensively with $N$, the ratio of extractable work to stored energy approaches unity in the thermodynamic limit. Comparing different initial preparations at equal mean input energy, we find that coherent-state can yield greater finite-time ergotropy despite capturing less energy, whereas Fock-state favors greater extractable work in the stationary component. Our results demonstrate how controlled dark-state population trapping in an atom-cavity coupled system can protect stored energy while providing a conditional route toward high extractable work.
原文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36704
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