2026-10-28 · arXiv Quantum Physics
arXiv:2610.36182v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Coherent optical modulation of free-electron wavepackets offers a route to ultrafast beam steering, energy exchange, temporal compression, and quantum-state shaping. Recent advances in photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM), ultrafast Kapitza-Dirac effect (KDE) and dielectric laser acceleration (DLA) have demonstrated strong light-electron coupling, but longitudinal energy modulation, transverse momentum transfer, and wavepacket-dependent diffraction are still commonly described with separate models. Here, we develop a unified Light-Electron Modulation (LEM) framework that treats optical near fields as programmable phase modulators for free-electron wavepackets. Within this framework, we identify longitudinal and transverse modulation channels, analogous to electro-optic phase modulation and acousto-optic diffraction of light, respectively, and show how their operation depends on wavepacket extent, recoil, phase matching, and optical-field geometry. This formulation organizes PINEM, Raman-Nath and Bragg diffraction, DLA-like acceleration, and anomalous PINEM as limiting regimes of a common modulation picture. The resulting framework provides design principles for free-electron modulators that can control energy spectra, temporal density, transverse wavefronts, and electron-photon quantum interfaces, establishing LEM as a device-level platform for programmable femtosecond-to-attosecond matter-wave control.
原文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36182
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